Issues of the Internet Privacy, Piracy and Net Neutrality

Issues of the Internet: Privacy, Piracy and Net Neutrality CS 306 Craig Lloyd Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Social Networking and Privacy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Software Piracy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Net Neutrality †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Final Thoughts and Opinion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 Works Cited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 Abstract The internet is a wonderful tool for doing research, communicating with far-away friends and family, and keeping businesses efficient. However, it does not come without its problems and issues. There†¦show more content†¦Social networking can also be a great tool for keeping up with current events because a lot of users post links to interesting news stories going on in the world. Today, it is actually surprisingly easy to be a journalist in a way, thanks to social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. For instance, when an earthquake hit China in 2008, the first reports actually came from local residents and not news outlets. By sending out tweets and posting on their Facebook wall, regular citizens were breaking the news before any actual journalist could. â€Å"Ambient journalism,† as it is called, has become more and more common because of Facebook and Twitter (Hermida, 2010). Many news outlets stake out a spot on Facebook and Twitter to deliver new s to their followers because that is simply where everyone goes and most consumption of news occurs on social networking sites (Stassen, 2010). However, social networking is not all roses. Just like most other things, there are cons that sit next to the pros. One issue in particular that has been slowly plaguing the world of social networking within the past couple of years is privacy. Facebook has been hit hard recently with criticism from its users over privacy issues and concerns. For instance, they revealed a new feature on their website called Facebook Instant. The company describes it as â€Å"frictionless sharing,† soShow MoreRelatedThe Problem of Internet Regulation in the U.S. Today2654 Words   |  11 Pages Many Americans today rely on the Internet for two main reasons: information and connectivity. Some may consider it as the biggest library available because of the endless information it can provide. It further enhanced people’s knowledge of what’s going on all around the globe and has been proved to be a very powerful tool that is available for anyone to use. 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A continuing and relevant end-of-chapter feature in this edition is the â€Å"Internet Exercise.† The purpose of each exercise is to encourage students to use the Internet to find information from the websites of prominent MNCs to answer relevant questions about the chapter topic. An end-of-book feature is a series of Skill-Building and Experiential Exercises for aspiring international

Concept of Present Value - 1279 Words

WHY IS THE CONCEPT OF PRESENT VALUE SO IMPORTANT FOR CORPORATE FINANCE? The importance of concept of present value to the world of corporate finance is that present value calculations are widely used in business and economics to provide a means to compare cash flows at different times. Present Value’s definition and simplistic formula used for normal purchases, the concept’s importance to corporate finance and why present value is the very first topic taught in finance classes explain that present value is an essential knowledgeable tool to ensure we make the best decisions with our money. However, first, What Does Present Value - PV Mean? Present value is â€Å"the current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a†¦show more content†¦$7700 to be received three years from now with a 5% interest rate PV = 7700 / (1 + .05) ^ 3 = 7700 / (1.157625) = $6651.55 3b. $1500 to be received five years from now with a 7% interest rate PV = 1500 / (1 + .07) ^ 5 = 1500 / (1.4025517) = $1069.48 3c. $7200 to received two years from now with an 11% interest rate PV = 7200 / (1 + .11) ^ 2 = 7200 / (1.2321) = $ 5843.68 3d. $ 680,000 to be received eight years from now with a 9% interest rate. PV = 680000 / (1 + .09) ^ 8 = 680000 / (1.9925626) =Show MoreRelatedWeek 5 Reflection Essays680 Words   |  3 PagesWeek Five Reflection The concept of time value of money is accounting is the relationship between time and money (Kieso, Wygandt, amp; Warfield, 2007). The common expression is that money today is worth more than the assurance of money received tomorrow. 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Christian Symbols free essay sample

Pagans used symbols not only because it was a work of art but because their followers were illiterate and symbols were used to educate their followers. The same symbols that were used during the Pagan era are some of the same symbols used today, however in today society religious symbols are used to identify different religions and affiliations with religious organizations. Religious art and symbols are also used to decorate churches, synagogues, and Mosques. Religious Art today is just that artistic symbol with very little or no secret messages. I will discuss the Christian symbols of Gregory the Great and Three Scribes, the Lamentation, and a few other symbols that are very common in identifying religious symbols. In Fiero (2009), the early Christian symbols of Gregory the Great and Three Scribes (p. 101) depict a dove which is the symbol of the Holy Spirit in some cases it means peace and love, however, Gregory is considered an influential theologian and his writings are thought to have been divinely inspired, hence the dove on his shoulder. As stated by Grimm (2011) â€Å"The dove has come to mean the Holy Ghost, peace, affection, gentleness, and innocence. There are also different meanings for different colored doves. Christ redeeming man with his blood is symbolized by the red dove. Quite often in our society white doves are also a symbol of love and devotion and are used at wedding ceremonies. Additionally, the aesthetics of our society would see Gregory the Great and Three Scribes as a well painted picture of a very devoted and spiritual priest scribing his deepest thoughts of love for God as symbolic by the white dove flying over his shoulder. White doves are not the only doves used in religious symbols; the diversity of the 12 prophets is symbolized by the speckled dove†. In the same photo the individuals with halos represent the saints (as in all Christian paintings). Halos have become synonymous with saints specifically angels this symbol has been consistent since the pagan era. Fiero (2009) illustrates in Figure 7. 6, art work of Lamentation (p. 180), in it there are several figures with Halos mourning the death of Christ. This halo is a symbol of divinity and supreme power. It is a picture of radiant light over the head of a saint. Often these halos are in a circle. This circle represents eternity with no beginning or end. Typically surrounding a godly or enlightened person, a halo represents holiness. In Western culture, its main role having been reduced to Halloween costumes of angels and Sunday-school pageants. This decline in use has been partially compensated by its incorporation into pop culture. This has not been a sudden shift; use of the halo in religious art has been steadily declining for a few hundred years now. The exploration of the rise and fall of the halo in culture is reflective of how western values have changed over the last thousand years. Other prominent religious symbols that are still actively used in western culture are The Holy Cross and the fish. The Holy Cross a special symbol of Christianity because The Holy Cross, represents how our Lord Saviour Jesus Christ, was beaten to death, crucified on the Cross, and nailed to the Cross, to take away all of our sins. During the first two centuries of Christianity, the cross may have been rare in Christian iconography, as it depicts a purposely painful and gruesome method of public execution. The Ichthys, or fish symbol, was used by early Christians. The fish is a widespread symbol of Christ, a motto and a compendium of the Christian faith. During the persecution era, the fish was a code symbol for Christians. Upon coming in contact with another person, the outline of a fish might be drawn on the ground. If the other person were a Christian, he would then be able to identify a fellow believer in Jesus Christ, Son of God, and Saviour. Today, western Christians do not need to worry about persecution so the fish sign is posted on bumper stickers and businesses as a sign of Christian faith. The Christian fish symbol often has Jesus written inside or includes a cross symbol. And of course, there have been many spoofs and variations of the popular Christian symbol, such as the famous Darwin fish with legs. The fish is also a symbol of baptism, since a fish is at home in the water. The cross is one of the earliest and most widely used Christian symbols. In the broadest sense it symbolizes the religion of Christianity. Like the Fish symbol it is most publically displayed by western Christians on churches, bumper stickers, businesses, and jewelry. There are many variations of the cross; the one that is normally displayed by a Christian happens to be the one most affiliated with their religious organization. In closing, the Christian symbols use and meaning has changed but most of all expanded throughout the years. Symbols that were once a secretive means of communication are now openly expressed throughout the world in all religions to show their love and appreciation for the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Though the use of symbols have changed over the years what has not changed is the fact that these religions symbols make people feel closer to the Lord in some ways and bring people closer to each other. In understanding the symbolic messages of the past we earn a better appreciation for the history of religious symbols and help us to better understand religions of today and why we take some of the actions we take in regards to our religions and the symbols involved with them. Furthermore, it is also helpful in that we will better understand the different religions of the world and assist in discouraging the judgment of other religions just because we don’t understand them. Reference: Anonymous, (2010). â€Å"Christian Crosses†. ReligionFacts. Retrieved June 04, 2011, from http://www. religionfacts. com/christianity/symbols/cross. htm Fiero, Gloria K. , (2009). Landmarks in Humanities (2nd Ed. ). McGraw-Hill higher education Grimm, Ed, (2011). Home page St. Gregory the Great Church. Retrieved June 04, 2011, from http://www. stgregorymanhattan. com/Art. html

Chemsitry assignment free essay sample

Aim Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are a big concern regarding the issue of medicines due to fake versions containing either the wrong ingredients or inaccuracy of the active ingredient which can cause toxicity issues in patients using these products. The aim of this experiment is to find if the percentage composition of the label (50% paracetamol, 40% aspirin and 10% sucrose) matches that of the percentage composition of the powder by following 10% ranges of each component in the powder. I am going to do this via a number of methods including vacuum filtration, heating, extraction and evaporation. Experimental method: The experiment was done in three parts: firstly the separation of sucrose, then the separation of Aspirin and the isolation of the unknown component. 1. Separation of Sucrose Weight out and 3. 00g of counterfeit pharmaceutical. Record the weight and transfer the sucrose to 100ml dry conical flask. Add 50ml of dichloromethane to the conical flask containing sucrose. Sucrose is usually liquid so adding organic solvent such as DCM will make the sucrose insoluble making it easy to collect the solid sucrose by vacuum filtration. Stir the mixture thoroughly containing the sucrose and DCM making sure the solid is dissolved. Filter the solid by vacuum filtration, saving the liquid for the next step into preweghed sample bag and filter paper. Weigh the sample bag containing the sucrose and record the mass of solid sucrose obtained by subtracting form the weight of sample bag and filter paper. 2. Separation of Aspirin Transfer the filtrate form the separation of sucrose to 100ml separating funnel and extract it with two 30ml portions of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution to form sodium acetyl salycilate which is insoluble in DCM. For both extractions, use a stirring rod to stir liquid layers until fizzing stops, and place a stopper and shake separating funnel. Transfer the two separate layer solutions to two different 100ml beakers labelling two solutions DCM and aqueous. Return DCM layer to the separating funnel before the second extraction. Combine the two aqueous extracts in one beaker. While stirring with glass rod add slowly 7. 0ml of 6M hydrochloric acid to aqueous extract . test pH of solution with pH strip test and bring the Ph down to 2 or less by adding more acid as required. Cool solution in ice bath for 10 minutes. Recover solid by vacuum filtration and place in preweighed, labelled sample bag and record the mass. 3. Isolation of unknown component Put solution containing DCM solution form previous step onto gently heated steam bath in a fume cupboard (trying not to boil). After a while the DCM will start to evaporate and a white solid will be left. Once all DCM evaporates transfer white solid to reweighed sample bag and label. Results: Mass of Sucrose recovered: 1. 84g Mass of Aspirin recovered: 2.61g Mass of unknown component recovered: 3. 77g Calculations: Percentage recovery: (1. 84g+2. 41g+3. 77g) / 3. 00g = 2. 74% Percentage composition: Sucrose: (1. 84/8. 22)*100 = 22. 0% Aspirin: (2. 61/8. 22)*100 = 32. 0% Unknown: (3. 77/8. 22)*100 = 46. 0% Questions 1. Is the percentage composition on the original container correct? Based on my results and the percentage compositions recovered from the experiment the percentage composition of the powder does not match the percentage composition of the label. As the labelled had claimed that the counterfeit pharmaceutical contained (10% Sucrose, 40% Aspirin and 50% of the unknown) which was said to be paracetamol. However the analysis of the counterfeit pharmaceutical produced about 20% sucrose, 30% aspirin and 50% of paracetamol. Also the labelled claimed that the unknown component was paracetamol , although analysis of the unknown sample identified it as Phenactin 2. Describe any evidence that a chemical reaction occurred when you added the 6M HCL to the solution of sodium acetylsalicylate. A solution of 6M of HCL was added to sodium acetylsalicylate, and the pH of the resultant solution was tested until the pH had gone down to about 2 or less, using the pH paper indicator. 2b. Explain why the changes you observed took place? This change was observed because the HCL was able to convert the salt in acetylsalicylate into the precipitate that was filtered in the separation of aspirin. 3. Describe and explain the effect on you result for the possible experimental errors. Specify which components percentages would be too high or too low and explain why. a. After adding DCM to counterfeit pharmaceutical at the beginning you didn’t stir the mixture before filtering? The sucrose obtained would not be pure and have lower percentage composition as it would contain impurities of the other components this is because sucrose is insoluble and does not dissolve in DCM, whereas the other components of the mixture are soluble in DCM. So you need to stir the mixture before filtering to make sure all the other components except sucrose are dissolved in DCM. Therefore the only solid that remains undissolved will be the sucrose which can be collected by vacuum filtration. During the sodium bicarbonate solution extraction, you failed to mix the organic and aqueous solutions thoroughly. The aqueous and organic layers should be fully mixed because aspirin is soluble in DCM and so that sodium acetylsalicylate can move from the insoluble ( DCM layer) to the aqueous soluble layer. c. You mistakenly extracted DCM with 5% HCL than 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. When sodium bicarbonate was extracted with DCM the sodium in sodium bicarbonate reacted with carboxylic acid functional group in Aspirin to form sodium acetylsalicylate salt. Therefore if DCM was to be extracted with HCL the sodium acetylsalicylate would not be formed and sodium acetylsalicylate would remain in the DCM layer therefore the percentage of Aspirin and the unknown component would be higher than expected. d. You neutralised sodium bicarbonate solution to pH 7 rather than pH 2. . 4. Acetanilide and phenacetin are not appreciably acidic paracetamol is stronger acid than water. What problem would you encounter if the unknown compound was Paracetamol rather than acetanilide or phenacetin, and you extracted the aspirin with 5% NaOH? Explain giving equations for relevant reactions. Paracetamol has –OH functional group and aspirin has-COOH (carboxylic acid) functional group. Both these functional groups would react with Na when NaCHO^3 is added to paracetamol and aspirin. Therefore they would both produce sodium salts which would both move from the insoluble layer in DCM to the soluble aqueous layers making it difficult to separate the Paracetamol and Aspirin components. 5. Paracetamol is weaker acid than carbonic acid but aspirin is stronger acid than carbonic acid. Prepare a flow diagram like the one in this experiment, showing a procedure for separating a mixture of sucrose, aspirin and paracetamol.

How to Write a Good Research Essay - Sample Short Research Essay Tips

How to Write a Good Research Essay - Sample Short Research Essay TipsSample short research essays are a great way to test the waters in learning how to write a good one. In this article, we will discuss why sample essays are the best way to learn how to write a good research essay. We will also take a look at what it is like to write a sample short research essay. These tips should help you in your quest to learn how to write a good essay.Learning how to write a good essay is an important part of any college or university. One of the biggest aspects of learning how to write a good essay is having a strong base of information to work from. To learn how to write a good essay, the first thing that you need to know is the structure of the essay. When you are looking at a sample essay that is on the Internet, you will see all the information that you need to know about the structure.While you are looking at the sample essay, keep in mind the title and the author. This will give you enough information to make the research for the essay easy. The more information you have about the essay, the easier it will be to figure out the structure and the main points of the essay.While you are reading the sample essay, ask yourself if you understand what is going on. After you have done this, move on to the next paragraph, focusing on that information that you learned. Be sure to get everything that you know, and ask yourself again if you understand what is going on.Once you have had a chance to analyze the sample short research essay, you should be able to find information that you do not understand. As you analyze the essay, you will be able to answer the questions that you want to ask yourself. After this point, you should be able to pick out information that you have left out, and you should be able to put together your own thoughts on the essay. You should be able to bring all the information that you have gathered together to create a well-written essay.Writing a short re search essay can be an intimidating process, but you will learn how to write a good one by writing one yourself. Use the information that you have learned from the sample short research essay, and you will be able to take your writing skills to the next level. Writing an essay on a topic you know nothing about can be an extremely difficult task. However, by using all the information that you have learned about writing a good essay, you will be able to take that obstacle and make it a thing of the past.If you think that writing a sample short research essay can be an intimidating process, you need to read more about writing a good essay. Once you have done so, you will be able to write a good one yourself.

60 Writing Topics for Extended Definitions

60 Writing Topics for Extended Definitions Simply put, a definition is a statement of the meaning of a word or phrase. An extended definition goes beyond what can be found in a dictionary,  offering an expanded analysis and illustration  of a concept that might be abstract, controversial, unfamiliar, or frequently misunderstood. Take, for example, writings such as William James Pragmatic Theory of Truth or John Bergers The Meaning of Home. Approaching the Abstract Abstract concepts, including many of the broad terms in the list that follows, need to be brought to earth with an example to relate what they mean to your reader and to get your point or opinion across. You could illustrate the concepts with anecdotes from your personal life or examples from the news or current events, or write an opinion piece.  Theres no single method for  developing  and  organizing  a paragraph or essay by extended definition. The 60 concepts listed here can be defined in various ways and from different points of view. Brainstorming and Prewriting Start with brainstorming your topic. If you work well with lists, write the word at the top of the paper and fill the rest of the page with all the things that the word makes you think of, feel, see, or even smell, without stopping. Its OK to go off on tangents, as you might find a surprising connection that could make a powerful, insightful, or even humorous essay. Alternatively, brainstorm by writing the word in the middle of your paper and connect other related words to it and each other. As you develop your angle, think about the concepts background, features, characteristics, and parts. What is the concepts opposite? What are its effects on you or others? Something in your list or word map will spark a writing idea or theme to use to illustrate the abstract concept, and then its off to the races. If you run into a dead end the first time, go back to your list and pick another idea. Its possible that your first draft turns out to be prewriting and leads to a better idea that can be developed further and can possibly even incorporate the prewriting exercise. Time spent writing is time spent exploring and is never wasted, as sometimes it takes a bit of pursuit to discover the perfect idea. If seeing examples will help spark your essay, take a look at Gifts, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Gore Vidals Definition of Prettiness, or A Definition of Pantomime, by Julian Barnes. 60 Topic Suggestions Looking for a place to start? Here are 60 words and phrases so broad that writings on them could be infinite: TrustKindnessSexismGumptionRacismSportsmanshipHonorModestySelf-assuranceHumilityDedicationSensitivityPeace of mindRespectAmbitionRight to privacyGenerosityLazinessCharismaCommon senseTeam playerMaturityIntegrityHealthy appetiteFrustrationOptimismSense of humorLiberalConservativeA good (or bad) teacher or professorPhysical fitnessFeminismA happy marriageTrue friendshipCourageCitizenshipSuccessA good (or bad) coachIntelligencePersonalityA good (or bad) roommatePolitical correctnessPeer pressureLeadershipPersistenceResponsibilityHuman rightsSophisticationSelf-respectHeroismThriftSlothVanityPrideBeautyGreedVirtueProgressA good (or bad) bossA good (or bad) parent

The Protective Effect of Linseed Oil Against Carbendazim Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats

The Protective Effect of Linseed Oil Against Carbendazim Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats Free Online Research Papers Absract Carbendazim (methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate), a metabolite of benomyl, is one of the most widespread environmental contaminants of major concern to human and animal reproductive health. The present investigation was undertaken to study the possible protective effect of linseed oil on carbendazim induced testicular toxicity. Adult albino male rats of the Sprague Dawley strain were administered with carbendazim (100 mg/(kg /day orally) . The control animals received vehicle (corn oil) alone. Also, four other groups of rats were treated by vitamin E (Vit E) (200mg/kg /day orally), carbendazim + Vit E, linseed oil (1.5 g/kg/day, orally), or carbendazim + linseed oil. All the treatments were continued for 48 days. After the treatment period, animals were euthanized, blood samples were taken, prostate and seminal vesicles were removed and weighed. Testes were also quickly removed, encapsulated and utilized for the estimation of the following parameters: sperm count, motility, viability, and abnormalities. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase anti oxidant biomarkers activities were estimated in the testes homogenate. Activities of testicular acetylcholine esterase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes as well as serum testosterone levels were also determined. The obtained results explored that linseed oil possesses significant protective potential against carbendazim testicular toxic effects. It normalized the weight reductions induced in prostate, seminal vesicles and testes, and protected against the decrease in sperm count, motility and viability as well as, the increase in sperm abnormalities. In addition linseed oil restored the antioxidant activities (reduced the malondialdehyde level, increased the reduced glutathione, superoxid dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels) that were harmfully affected by carbendazim. Moreover, linseed oil daily oral feeding antagonized the produced significant changes in acetylcholine esterase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes, and restored the serum level of testosterone. The linseed oil proposed protective effect(s) as illustrated in the present work, may be due to its antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory potentials. Keywords: carbendazim, testicular dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, Vit. E, linseed oil. Research Papers on The Protective Effect of Linseed Oil Against Carbendazim Induced Testicular Toxicity in RatsGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital